Prophet’s Prohibitions
The claim that Prophet Muhammad prohibited items not explicitly forbidden in the Quran is refuted by the Quran itself. The Quran emphasizes that Allah alone is the legislator, and the Prophet’s role was to deliver and uphold the divine message.
"What God and His Messenger Have Prohibited"
وَلَا يُحَرِّمُونَ مَا حَرَّمَ ٱللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُۥ
Wala yuḥarrimūna mā ḥarrama Allāhu wa-rasūluhu.
Nor prohibit what God and His messenger have prohibited…
(9:29)
This verse does not suggest that the Prophet had independent legislative authority. Instead:
- "What God and His messenger have prohibited" refers to the prohibitions God revealed through the Prophet as part of the Quran. The messenger's role is to communicate God’s commands, not to legislate independently.
-This interpretation aligns with the Quran's principle that God alone is the lawmaker.
Only Allah Has the Authority to Legislate
أَفَغَيْرَ ٱللَّهِ أَبْتَغِى حَكَمًۭا وَهُوَ ٱلَّذِىٓ أَنزَلَ إِلَيْكُمُ ٱلْكِتَـٰبَ مُفَصَّلًا
Afaghayra Allāhi abtaghī ḥakaman wa-huwa alladhī anzala ilaykumu al-kitāba mufassalan.
Shall I seek other than God as a lawmaker when it is He who has brought down to you the Book fully detailed?
(6:114)
Reprimand of Prophet Muhammad for Prohibiting Without Authority
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلنَّبِيُّ لِمَ تُحَرِّمُ مَآ أَحَلَّ ٱللَّهُ لَكَۖ تَبۡتَغِي مَرۡضَاتَ أَزۡوَٰجِكَۚ وَٱللَّهُ غَفُورٞ رَّحِيمٞ
Yā ayyuhā an-nabiyyu lima tuḥarrimu mā aḥalla Allāhu laka; tabtaghī marḍāta azwājika; wa-Allāhu ghafūrun raḥīm.
O you prophet, why do you prohibit what God has made lawful for you, seeking to please your wives? God is Forgiver, Merciful.
(66:1)
The Prophet’s Sole Role: Delivering the Message
مَا عَلَى ٱلرَّسُولِ إِلَّا ٱلۡبَلَـٰغُ
Mā ʿalā ar-rasūli illā al-balāghu.
The sole duty of the messenger is the delivery…
(5:99)
Misinterpretations of 9:29
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The phrase "what God and His messenger have prohibited" simply emphasizes that the messenger conveys God’s prohibitions, as revealed in the Quran.
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If the Prophet had independent legislative authority:
- It would contradict 6:114, which states that God is the sole lawmaker.
- It would contradict 66:1, where the Prophet is reprimanded for prohibiting without authority.
- It would undermine the Quran's declaration in 5:99 that the Prophet’s duty was to deliver the message.
Claims of Non-Quranic Prohibitions
Many prohibitions attributed to the Prophet, such as banning dogs, pictures, gold, or silk for men, are not found in the Quran. These claims:
- Violate the Quranic principle that only God legislates (6:114).
- Discredit the Prophet’s role as a faithful messenger who adhered strictly to the Quran.
Consequences of Attributing Independent Authority to the Prophet
Attributing legislative powers to the Prophet is a form of shirk (associating partners with God):
أَمْ لَهُمْ شُرَكَـٰٓؤُا۟ شَرَعُوا۟ لَهُم مِّنَ ٱلدِّينِ مَا لَمْ يَأْذَنۢ بِهِ ٱللَّهُ
Am lahum shurakāʾu sharaʿū lahum mina ad-dīni mā lam yaʾdhan bihi Allāh.
Or do they have partners who legislate for them of the religion what God did not authorise?
(42:21)
Conclusion
- God Alone Legislates: The Quran repeatedly confirms that Allah is the sole lawmaker (6:114).
- Prophet Muhammad Did Not Prohibit Independently: His role was to deliver God’s message, as outlined in the Quran (5:99).
- False Prohibitions: Claims that the Prophet prohibited items not mentioned in the Quran are fabrications.
- Reject Innovations: Adding to God’s laws by attributing non-Quranic prohibitions to the Prophet constitutes shirk.
Follow what has been brought down to you from your Lord, and do not follow any allies besides Him. Little do you take heed! (7:3)
Adhere to Quranic Guidance
ٱتَّبِعُواْ مَآ أُنزِلَ إِلَيۡكُم مِّن رَّبِّكُمۡ وَلَا تَتَّبِعُواْ مِن دُونِهِۦٓ أَوۡلِيَآءَۗ قَلِيلٗا مَّا تَذَكَّرُونَ
Ittabiʿū mā unzila ilaykum min rabbikum wa-lā tattabiʿū min dūnihi awliyāʾ; qalīlan mā tadhakkarūn.
Follow what has been brought down to you from your Lord, and do not follow any allies besides Him. Little do you take heed!
(7:3)
By adhering strictly to the Quran, believers uphold the integrity of God's laws and the true mission of Prophet Muhammad.