Bathing Ghusl

The Quran mentions the act of ghusl in 4:43 as a command to "wash yourselves" (ightasilū) after specific acts: sexual intercourse, illness, travel, or using the toilet. The verb is in the imperative form, simply meaning "wash," with no prescribed method or steps. The word ghusl (noun) originates from this verb and appears in 4:43, 5:6, and 38:42, consistently meaning "to wash."

Key Observations:

1. Acts Requiring Washing
   Washing is required after:

   • Sexual intercourse
   • Illness
   • Travel
   • Toilet use

2. Each act affects different parts of the body, and the Quran does not specify which parts must be washed or prescribe a full-body wash.

3. No Specific Method
   The Quran does not outline a ritualistic approach to washing. Washing is understood universally as making oneself clean, without requiring additional instructions. Just as no method is needed for eating or drinking (2:187), washing is left to common sense.

4. One Command for Four Acts
   The instruction to "wash yourselves" applies to all four acts equally. Yet, traditional scholars apply a full bath (ritual ghusl) only after sexual intercourse, neglecting the other acts mentioned in 4:43.

Misinterpretations and Ritualization

Traditional Islamic rituals of ghusl, derived from non-Quranic sources, prescribe detailed steps, such as:

1. Intention
2. Specific sequences of washing body parts
3. Recitation of phrases (e.g., "Bismillāh")

These rituals are absent from the Quran and contradict its assurance of being a fully detailed guide (6:114, 16:89, 6:38). By complicating a straightforward command, these practices challenge the Quran’s completeness and simplicity.

The Quranic Stance

The Quran emphasizes that:

• Washing is to achieve cleanliness.
• Any effective method is valid, and no additional ritual is necessary.
• The religion is complete with the Quran (5:3) and needs no supplementary rituals.

Conclusion

The ritualistic ghusl, rooted in hadīth, contradicts the Quran's direct and universal approach. Washing as instructed in 4:43 is a straightforward act meant to ensure cleanliness. Washing only the affected part of the body that needs washing is sufficient according to the Quran. Upholding fabricated rituals not found in the Quran undermines God’s assurance that His Book is complete and detailed for all guidance.